/

HTML / CSS / JavaScript Tutorial

HTML Special characters

[this page | pdf | back links]

HTML markup includes some for special characters. The most frequently used are characters that if they appeared directly would be understood by HTML to relate to markup (see HTMLTutorialSpecialCharacters for further details).

 

Each of these markups is preceded by an ampersand, i.e. "&", followed by the markup name, followed by a semicolon, i.e. ";":

 

HTML name

character

name

Unicode hex code (decimal)

amp

&

ampersand

U+0026 (38)

quot

"

quotation mark

U+0022 (34)

apos

'

apostrophe

U+0027 (39)

lt

< 

less than sign

U+003C (60)

gt

> 

greater than sign

U+003E (62)

nbsp

 

non-breaking space

U+00A0 (160)

iexcl

¡

inverted exclamation mark

U+00A1 (161)

cent

¢

cent sign

U+00A2 (162)

pound

£

pound sign

U+00A3 (163)

curren

¤

currency sign

U+00A4 (164)

yen

¥

yen (yuan) sign

U+00A5 (165)

brvbar

¦

broken vertical bar

U+00A6 (166)

sect

§

section sign

U+00A7 (167)

uml

¨

diaeresis(or umlaut)

U+00A8 (168)

copy

©

copyright symbol

U+00A9 (169)

ordf

ª

feminine ordinal indicator

U+00AA (170)

laquo

«

left-pointing double angle quotation mark

U+00AB (171)

not

¬

not sign

U+00AC (172)

shy

­

soft (discretionary) hyphen

U+00AD (173)

reg

®

registered trademark symbol

U+00AE (174)

macr

¯

macron

U+00AF (175)

deg

°

degree symbol

U+00B0 (176)

plusmn

±

plus-minus sign

U+00B1 (177)

sup2

²

superscript two

U+00B2 (178)

sup3

³

superscript three

U+00B3 (179)

acute

´

acute accent

U+00B4 (180)

micro

µ

micro sign

U+00B5 (181)

para

paragraph sign

U+00B6 (182)

middot

·

middle dot

U+00B7 (183)

cedil

¸

cedilla

U+00B8 (184)

sup1

¹

superscript one

U+00B9 (185)

ordm

º

masculine ordinal indicator

U+00BA (186)

raquo

»

right-pointing double angle quotation mark

U+00BB (187)

frac14

¼

fraction one quarter

U+00BC (188)

frac12

½

fraction one half

U+00BD (189)

frac34

¾

fraction three quarters

U+00BE (190)

iquest

¿

inverted question mark

U+00BF (191)

Agrave

À

Latin capital letter A with grave accent

U+00C0 (192)

Aacute

Á

Latin capital letter A with acute accent

U+00C1 (193)

Acirc

Â

Latin capital letter A with circumflex

U+00C2 (194)

Atilde

Ã

Latin capital letter A with tilde

U+00C3 (195)

Auml

Ä

Latin capital letter A with diaeresis

U+00C4 (196)

Aring

Å

Latin capital letter A with ring above

U+00C5 (197)

AElig

Æ

Latin capital letter AE

U+00C6 (198)

Ccedil

Ç

Latin capital letter C with cedilla

U+00C7 (199)

Egrave

È

Latin capital letter E with grave accent

U+00C8 (200)

Eacute

É

Latin capital letter E with acute accent

U+00C9 (201)

Ecirc

Ê

Latin capital letter E with circumflex

U+00CA (202)

Euml

Ë

Latin capital letter E with diaeresis

U+00CB (203)

Igrave

Ì

Latin capital letter I with grave accent

U+00CC (204)

Iacute

Í

Latin capital letter I with acute accent

U+00CD (205)

Icirc

Î

Latin capital letter I with circumflex

U+00CE (206)

Iuml

Ï

Latin capital letter I with diaeresis

U+00CF (207)

ETH

Ð

Latin capital letter Eth

U+00D0 (208)

Ntilde

Ñ

Latin capital letter N with tilde

U+00D1 (209)

Ograve

Ò

Latin capital letter O with grave accent

U+00D2 (210)

Oacute

Ó

Latin capital letter O with acute accent

U+00D3 (211)

Ocirc

Ó

Latin capital letter O with circumflex

U+00D4 (212)

Otilde

Õ

Latin capital letter O with tilde

U+00D5 (213)

Ouml

Ö

Latin capital letter O with diaeresis

U+00D6 (214)

times

×

multiplication sign

U+00D7 (215)

Oslash

Ø

Latin capital letter O with stroke (Latin capital letter O slash)

U+00D8 (216)

Ugrave

Ù

Latin capital letter U with grave accent

U+00D9 (217)

Uacute

Ú

Latin capital letter U with acute accent

U+00DA (218)

Ucirc

Û

Latin capital letter U with circumflex

U+00DB (219)

Uuml

Ü

Latin capital letter U with diaeresis

U+00DC (220)

Yacute

Ý

Latin capital letter Y with acute accent

U+00DD (221)

THORN

Þ

Latin capital letter THORN

U+00DE (222)

szlig

ß

Latin small letter sharp s, i.e. German Eszett

U+00DF (223)

agrave

à

Latin small letter a with grave accent

U+00E0 (224)

aacute

á

Latin small letter a with acute accent

U+00E1 (225)

acirc

â

Latin small letter a with circumflex

U+00E2 (226)

atilde

ã

Latin small letter a with tilde

U+00E3 (227)

auml

ã

Latin small letter a with diaeresis

U+00E4 (228)

aring

å

Latin small letter a with ring above

U+00E5 (229)

aelig

æ

Latin small letter ae

U+00E6 (230)

ccedil

ç

Latin small letter c with cedilla

U+00E7 (231)

egrave

è

Latin small letter e with grave accent

U+00E8 (232)

eacute

é

Latin small letter e with acute accent

U+00E9 (233)

ecirc

ê

Latin small letter e with circumflex

U+00EA (234)

euml

ë

Latin small letter e with diaeresis

U+00EB (235)

igrave

ì

Latin small letter i with grave accent

U+00EC (236)

iacute

í

Latin small letter i with acute accent

U+00ED (237)

icirc

î

Latin small letter i with circumflex

U+00EE (238)

iuml

ï

Latin small letter i with diaeresis

U+00EF (239)

eth

ð

Latin small letter eth

U+00F0 (240)

ntilde

ñ

Latin small letter n with tilde

U+00F1 (241)

ograve

ò

Latin small letter o with grave accent

U+00F2 (242)

oacute

ó

Latin small letter o with acute accent

U+00F3 (243)

ocirc

ô

Latin small letter o with circumflex

U+00F4 (244)

otilde

õ

Latin small letter o with tilde

U+00F5 (245)

ouml

ö

Latin small letter o with diaeresis

U+00F6 (246)

divide

÷

division sign (obelus)

U+00F7 (247)

oslash

ø

Latin small letter o with stroke (Latin small letter o slash)

U+00F8 (248)

ugrave

ù

Latin small letter u with grave accent

U+00F9 (249)

uacute

ú

Latin small letter u with acute accent

U+00FA (250)

ucirc

û

Latin small letter u with circumflex

U+00FB (251)

uuml

ü

Latin small letter u with diaeresis

U+00FC (252)

yacute

ý

Latin small letter y with acute accent

U+00FD (253)

thorn

þ

Latin small letter thorn

U+00FE (254)

yuml

ÿ

Latin small letter y with diaeresis

U+00FF (255)

OElig

Œ

Latin capital ligature oe

U+0152 (338)

oelig

œ

Latin small ligature oe

U+0153 (339)

Scaron

Š

Latin capital letter s with caron

U+0160 (352)

scaron

š

Latin small letter s with caron

U+0161 (353)

Yuml

Ÿ

Latin capital letter y with diaeresis

U+0178 (376)

fnof

ƒ

Latin small letter f with hook (function, florin)

U+0192 (402)

circ

ˆ

modifier letter circumflex accent

U+02C6 (710)

tilde

˜

small tilde

U+02DC (732)

Alpha

Α

Greek capital letter Alpha

U+0391 (913)

Beta

Β

Greek capital letter Beta

U+0392 (914)

Gamma

Γ

Greek capital letter Gamma

U+0393 (915)

Delta

Δ

Greek capital letter Delta

U+0394 (916)

Epsilon

Ε

Greek capital letter Epsilon

U+0395 (917)

Zeta

Ζ

Greek capital letter Zeta

U+0396 (918)

Eta

Η

Greek capital letter Eta

U+0397 (919)

Theta

Θ

Greek capital letter Theta

U+0398 (920)

Iota

Ι

Greek capital letter Iota

U+0399 (921)

Kappa

Κ

Greek capital letter Kappa

U+039A (922)

Lambda

Λ

Greek capital letter Lambda

U+039B (923)

Mu

Μ

Greek capital letter Mu

U+039C (924)

Nu

Ν

Greek capital letter Nu

U+039D (925)

Xi

Ξ

Greek capital letter Xi

U+039E (926)

Omicron

Ο

Greek capital letter Omicron

U+039F (927)

Pi

Π

Greek capital letter Pi

U+03A0 (928)

Rho

Ρ

Greek capital letter Rho

U+03A1 (929)

Sigma

Σ

Greek capital letter Sigma

U+03A3 (931)

Tau

Τ

Greek capital letter Tau

U+03A4 (932)

Upsilon

Υ

Greek capital letter Upsilon

U+03A5 (933)

Phi

Φ

Greek capital letter Phi

U+03A6 (934)

Chi

Χ

Greek capital letter Chi

U+03A7 (935)

Psi

Ψ

Greek capital letter Psi

U+03A8 (936)

Omega

Ω

Greek capital letter Omega

U+03A9 (937)

alpha

α

Greek small letter alpha

U+03B1 (945)

beta

β

Greek small letter beta

U+03B2 (946)

gamma

γ

Greek small letter gamma

U+03B3 (947)

delta

δ

Greek small letter delta

U+03B4 (948)

epsilon

ε

Greek small letter epsilon

U+03B5 (949)

zeta

ζ

Greek small letter zeta

U+03B6 (950)

eta

η

Greek small letter eta

U+03B7 (951)

theta

θ

Greek small letter theta

U+03B8 (952)

iota

ι

Greek small letter iota

U+03B9 (953)

kappa

κ

Greek small letter kappa

U+03BA (954)

lambda

λ

Greek small letter lambda

U+03BB (955)

mu

μ

Greek small letter mu

U+03BC (956)

nu

ν

Greek small letter nu

U+03BD (957)

xi

ξ

Greek small letter xi

U+03BE (958)

omicron

ο

Greek small letter omicron

U+03BF (959)

pi

π

Greek small letter pi

U+03C0 (960)

rho

ρ

Greek small letter rho

U+03C1 (961)

sigmaf

ς

Greek small letter final sigma

U+03C2 (962)

sigma

σ

Greek small letter sigma

U+03C3 (963)

tau

τ

Greek small letter tau

U+03C4 (964)

upsilon

υ

Greek small letter upsilon

U+03C5 (965)

phi

φ

Greek small letter phi

U+03C6 (966)

chi

χ

Greek small letter chi

U+03C7 (967)

psi

ψ

Greek small letter psi

U+03C8 (968)

omega

ω

Greek small letter omega

U+03C9 (969)

thetasym

ϑ

Greek theta symbol

U+03D1 (977)

upsih

ϒ

Greek Upsilon with hook symbol

U+03D2 (978)

piv

ϖ

Greek pi symbol

U+03D6 (982)

ensp

 

en space[d]

U+2002 (8194)

emsp

 

em space[d]

U+2003 (8195)

thinsp

 

thin space[d]

U+2009 (8201)

zwnj

‌

zero-width non-joiner

U+200C (8204)

zwj

‍

zero-width joiner

U+200D (8205)

lrm

‎

left-to-right mark

U+200E (8206)

rlm

‏

right-to-left mark

U+200F (8207)

ndash

–

en dash

U+2013 (8211)

mdash

—

em dash

U+2014 (8212)

lsquo

‘

left single quotation mark

U+2018 (8216)

rsquo

’

right single quotation mark

U+2019 (8217)

sbquo

‚

single low-9 quotation mark

U+201A (8218)

ldquo

“

left double quotation mark

U+201C (8220)

rdquo

”

right double quotation mark

U+201D (8221)

bdquo

„

double low-9 quotation mark

U+201E (8222)

dagger

†

dagger, obelisk

U+2020 (8224)

Dagger

‡

double dagger, double obelisk

U+2021 (8225)

bull

•

bullet (black small circle)

U+2022 (8226)

hellip

…

horizontal ellipsis (three dot leader)

U+2026 (8230)

permil

‰

per mille sign

U+2030 (8240)

prime

′

prime (minutes, feet)

U+2032 (8242)

Prime

″

double prime (seconds, inches)

U+2033 (8243)

lsaquo

‹

single left-pointing angle quotation mark

U+2039 (8249)

rsaquo

›

single right-pointing angle quotation mark

U+203A (8250)

oline

‾

overline (spacing overscore)

U+203E (8254)

frasl

⁄

fraction slash (solidus)

U+2044 (8260)

euro

€

euro sign

U+20AC (8364)

image

ℑ

black-letter capital I (imaginary part)

U+2111 (8465)

weierp

℘

script capital P (power set, Weierstrass p)

U+2118 (8472)

real

ℜ

black-letter capital R (real part symbol)

U+211C (8476)

trade

™

trademark symbol

U+2122 (8482)

alefsym

ℵ

alef symbol (first transfinite cardinal)

U+2135 (8501)

larr

←

leftwards arrow

U+2190 (8592)

uarr

↑

upwards arrow

U+2191 (8593)

rarr

→

rightwards arrow

U+2192 (8594)

darr

↓

downwards arrow

U+2193 (8595)

harr

↔

left right arrow

U+2194 (8596)

crarr

↵

downwards arrow with corner leftwards (carriage return)

U+21B5 (8629)

lArr

⇐

leftwards double arrow

U+21D0 (8656)

uArr

⇑

upwards double arrow

U+21D1 (8657)

rArr

⇒

rightwards double arrow

U+21D2 (8658)

dArr

⇓

downwards double arrow

U+21D3 (8659)

hArr

⇔

left right double arrow

U+21D4 (8660)

forall

∀

for all

U+2200 (8704)

part

∂

partial differential

U+2202 (8706)

exist

∃

there exists

U+2203 (8707)

empty

∅

empty set (null set)

U+2205 (8709)

nabla

∇

del or nabla (vector differential operator)

U+2207 (8711)

isin

∈

element of

U+2208 (8712)

notin

∉

not an element of

U+2209 (8713)

ni

∋

contains as member

U+220B (8715)

prod

∏

n-ary product (product sign)

U+220F (8719)

sum

∑

n-ary summation

U+2211 (8721)

minus

−

minus sign

U+2212 (8722)

lowast

∗

asterisk operator

U+2217 (8727)

radic

√

square root (radical sign)

U+221A (8730)

prop

∝

proportional to

U+221D (8733)

infin

∞

infinity

U+221E (8734)

ang

∠

angle

U+2220 (8736)

and

∧

logical and (wedge)

U+2227 (8743)

or

∨

logical or (vee)

U+2228 (8744)

cap

∩

intersection (cap)

U+2229 (8745)

cup

∪

union (cup)

U+222A (8746)

int

∫

integral

U+222B (8747)

there4

∴

therefore sign

U+2234 (8756)

sim

∼

tilde operator (varies with, similar to)

U+223C (8764)

cong

≅

congruent to

U+2245 (8773)

asymp

≈

almost equal to (asymptotic to)

U+2248 (8776)

ne

≠

not equal to

U+2260 (8800)

equiv

≡

identical to or 'equivalent to'

U+2261 (8801)

le

≤

less-than or equal to

U+2264 (8804)

ge

≥

greater-than or equal to

U+2265 (8805)

sub

⊂

subset of

U+2282 (8834)

sup

⊃

superset of

U+2283 (8835)

nsub

⊄

not a subset of

U+2284 (8836)

sube

⊆

subset of or equal to

U+2286 (8838)

supe

⊇

superset of or equal to

U+2287 (8839)

oplus

⊕

circled plus (direct sum)

U+2295 (8853)

otimes

⊗

circled times (vector product)

U+2297 (8855)

perp

⊥

up tack (orthogonal to, perpendicular)

U+22A5 (8869)

sdot

⋅

dot operator

U+22C5 (8901)

lceil

⌈

left ceiling

U+2308 (8968)

rceil

⌉

right ceiling

U+2309 (8969)

lfloor

⌊

left floor

U+230A (8970)

rfloor

⌋

right floor

U+230B (8971)

lang

⟨

left-pointing angle bracket (bra)

U+2329 (9001)

rang

⟩

right-pointing angle bracket (ket)

U+232A (9002)

loz

◊

lozenge

U+25CA (9674)

spades

♠

spade suit

U+2660 (9824)

clubs

♣

club suit (shamrock)

U+2663 (9827)

hearts

♥

heart suit (valentine)

U+2665 (9829)

diams

♦

diamond suit

U+2666 (9830)


Note: an ampersand "&" will usually display if it is not part of a special character, but it is better to use HTML markup for it, i.e. &amp;.

 


NAVIGATION LINKS
Contents | Prev | Next | CSS Properties


Desktop view | Switch to Mobile