HTML markup includes some
for special characters. The most frequently used are characters that if they
appeared directly would be understood by HTML to relate to markup (see HTMLTutorialSpecialCharacters
for further details).
Each of these markups is
preceded by an ampersand, i.e. "&",
followed by the markup name, followed by a semicolon, i.e. ";":
HTML name
|
character
|
name
|
Unicode hex code
(decimal)
|
amp
|
&
|
ampersand
|
U+0026 (38)
|
quot
|
"
|
quotation mark
|
U+0022 (34)
|
apos
|
'
|
apostrophe
|
U+0027 (39)
|
lt
|
<
|
less than sign
|
U+003C (60)
|
gt
|
>
|
greater than sign
|
U+003E (62)
|
nbsp
|
|
non-breaking space
|
U+00A0 (160)
|
iexcl
|
¡
|
inverted exclamation
mark
|
U+00A1 (161)
|
cent
|
¢
|
cent sign
|
U+00A2 (162)
|
pound
|
£
|
pound sign
|
U+00A3 (163)
|
curren
|
¤
|
currency sign
|
U+00A4 (164)
|
yen
|
¥
|
yen (yuan) sign
|
U+00A5 (165)
|
brvbar
|
¦
|
broken vertical bar
|
U+00A6 (166)
|
sect
|
§
|
section sign
|
U+00A7 (167)
|
uml
|
¨
|
diaeresis(or umlaut)
|
U+00A8 (168)
|
copy
|
©
|
copyright symbol
|
U+00A9 (169)
|
ordf
|
ª
|
feminine ordinal
indicator
|
U+00AA (170)
|
laquo
|
«
|
left-pointing double
angle quotation mark
|
U+00AB (171)
|
not
|
¬
|
not sign
|
U+00AC (172)
|
shy
|
|
soft (discretionary)
hyphen
|
U+00AD (173)
|
reg
|
®
|
registered trademark
symbol
|
U+00AE (174)
|
macr
|
¯
|
macron
|
U+00AF (175)
|
deg
|
°
|
degree symbol
|
U+00B0 (176)
|
plusmn
|
±
|
plus-minus sign
|
U+00B1 (177)
|
sup2
|
²
|
superscript two
|
U+00B2 (178)
|
sup3
|
³
|
superscript three
|
U+00B3 (179)
|
acute
|
´
|
acute accent
|
U+00B4 (180)
|
micro
|
µ
|
micro sign
|
U+00B5 (181)
|
para
|
¶
|
paragraph sign
|
U+00B6 (182)
|
middot
|
·
|
middle dot
|
U+00B7 (183)
|
cedil
|
¸
|
cedilla
|
U+00B8 (184)
|
sup1
|
¹
|
superscript one
|
U+00B9 (185)
|
ordm
|
º
|
masculine ordinal
indicator
|
U+00BA (186)
|
raquo
|
»
|
right-pointing double
angle quotation mark
|
U+00BB (187)
|
frac14
|
¼
|
fraction one quarter
|
U+00BC (188)
|
frac12
|
½
|
fraction one half
|
U+00BD (189)
|
frac34
|
¾
|
fraction three quarters
|
U+00BE (190)
|
iquest
|
¿
|
inverted question mark
|
U+00BF (191)
|
Agrave
|
À
|
Latin capital letter A
with grave accent
|
U+00C0 (192)
|
Aacute
|
Á
|
Latin capital letter A
with acute accent
|
U+00C1 (193)
|
Acirc
|
Â
|
Latin capital letter A
with circumflex
|
U+00C2 (194)
|
Atilde
|
Ã
|
Latin capital letter A
with tilde
|
U+00C3 (195)
|
Auml
|
Ä
|
Latin capital letter A
with diaeresis
|
U+00C4 (196)
|
Aring
|
Å
|
Latin capital letter A
with ring above
|
U+00C5 (197)
|
AElig
|
Æ
|
Latin capital letter AE
|
U+00C6 (198)
|
Ccedil
|
Ç
|
Latin capital letter C
with cedilla
|
U+00C7 (199)
|
Egrave
|
È
|
Latin capital letter E
with grave accent
|
U+00C8 (200)
|
Eacute
|
É
|
Latin capital letter E
with acute accent
|
U+00C9 (201)
|
Ecirc
|
Ê
|
Latin capital letter E
with circumflex
|
U+00CA (202)
|
Euml
|
Ë
|
Latin capital letter E
with diaeresis
|
U+00CB (203)
|
Igrave
|
Ì
|
Latin capital letter I
with grave accent
|
U+00CC (204)
|
Iacute
|
Í
|
Latin capital letter I
with acute accent
|
U+00CD (205)
|
Icirc
|
Î
|
Latin capital letter I
with circumflex
|
U+00CE (206)
|
Iuml
|
Ï
|
Latin capital letter I
with diaeresis
|
U+00CF (207)
|
ETH
|
Ð
|
Latin capital letter
Eth
|
U+00D0 (208)
|
Ntilde
|
Ñ
|
Latin capital letter N
with tilde
|
U+00D1 (209)
|
Ograve
|
Ò
|
Latin capital letter O
with grave accent
|
U+00D2 (210)
|
Oacute
|
Ó
|
Latin capital letter O
with acute accent
|
U+00D3 (211)
|
Ocirc
|
Ó
|
Latin capital letter O
with circumflex
|
U+00D4 (212)
|
Otilde
|
Õ
|
Latin capital letter O
with tilde
|
U+00D5 (213)
|
Ouml
|
Ö
|
Latin capital letter O
with diaeresis
|
U+00D6 (214)
|
times
|
×
|
multiplication sign
|
U+00D7 (215)
|
Oslash
|
Ø
|
Latin capital letter O
with stroke (Latin capital letter O slash)
|
U+00D8 (216)
|
Ugrave
|
Ù
|
Latin capital letter U
with grave accent
|
U+00D9 (217)
|
Uacute
|
Ú
|
Latin capital letter U
with acute accent
|
U+00DA (218)
|
Ucirc
|
Û
|
Latin capital letter U
with circumflex
|
U+00DB (219)
|
Uuml
|
Ü
|
Latin capital letter U
with diaeresis
|
U+00DC (220)
|
Yacute
|
Ý
|
Latin capital letter Y
with acute accent
|
U+00DD (221)
|
THORN
|
Þ
|
Latin capital letter
THORN
|
U+00DE (222)
|
szlig
|
ß
|
Latin small letter
sharp s, i.e. German Eszett
|
U+00DF (223)
|
agrave
|
à
|
Latin small letter a
with grave accent
|
U+00E0 (224)
|
aacute
|
á
|
Latin small letter a
with acute accent
|
U+00E1 (225)
|
acirc
|
â
|
Latin small letter a
with circumflex
|
U+00E2 (226)
|
atilde
|
ã
|
Latin small letter a
with tilde
|
U+00E3 (227)
|
auml
|
ã
|
Latin small letter a
with diaeresis
|
U+00E4 (228)
|
aring
|
å
|
Latin small letter a
with ring above
|
U+00E5 (229)
|
aelig
|
æ
|
Latin small letter ae
|
U+00E6 (230)
|
ccedil
|
ç
|
Latin small letter c
with cedilla
|
U+00E7 (231)
|
egrave
|
è
|
Latin small letter e
with grave accent
|
U+00E8 (232)
|
eacute
|
é
|
Latin small letter e
with acute accent
|
U+00E9 (233)
|
ecirc
|
ê
|
Latin small letter e
with circumflex
|
U+00EA (234)
|
euml
|
ë
|
Latin small letter e
with diaeresis
|
U+00EB (235)
|
igrave
|
ì
|
Latin small letter i
with grave accent
|
U+00EC (236)
|
iacute
|
í
|
Latin small letter i
with acute accent
|
U+00ED (237)
|
icirc
|
î
|
Latin small letter i
with circumflex
|
U+00EE (238)
|
iuml
|
ï
|
Latin small letter i
with diaeresis
|
U+00EF (239)
|
eth
|
ð
|
Latin small letter eth
|
U+00F0 (240)
|
ntilde
|
ñ
|
Latin small letter n
with tilde
|
U+00F1 (241)
|
ograve
|
ò
|
Latin small letter o
with grave accent
|
U+00F2 (242)
|
oacute
|
ó
|
Latin small letter o
with acute accent
|
U+00F3 (243)
|
ocirc
|
ô
|
Latin small letter o
with circumflex
|
U+00F4 (244)
|
otilde
|
õ
|
Latin small letter o
with tilde
|
U+00F5 (245)
|
ouml
|
ö
|
Latin small letter o
with diaeresis
|
U+00F6 (246)
|
divide
|
÷
|
division sign (obelus)
|
U+00F7 (247)
|
oslash
|
ø
|
Latin small letter o
with stroke (Latin small letter o slash)
|
U+00F8 (248)
|
ugrave
|
ù
|
Latin small letter u
with grave accent
|
U+00F9 (249)
|
uacute
|
ú
|
Latin small letter u
with acute accent
|
U+00FA (250)
|
ucirc
|
û
|
Latin small letter u
with circumflex
|
U+00FB (251)
|
uuml
|
ü
|
Latin small letter u
with diaeresis
|
U+00FC (252)
|
yacute
|
ý
|
Latin small letter y
with acute accent
|
U+00FD (253)
|
thorn
|
þ
|
Latin small letter
thorn
|
U+00FE (254)
|
yuml
|
ÿ
|
Latin small letter y
with diaeresis
|
U+00FF (255)
|
OElig
|
Œ
|
Latin capital ligature
oe
|
U+0152 (338)
|
oelig
|
œ
|
Latin small ligature oe
|
U+0153 (339)
|
Scaron
|
Š
|
Latin capital letter s
with caron
|
U+0160 (352)
|
scaron
|
š
|
Latin small letter s
with caron
|
U+0161 (353)
|
Yuml
|
Ÿ
|
Latin capital letter y
with diaeresis
|
U+0178 (376)
|
fnof
|
ƒ
|
Latin small letter f
with hook (function, florin)
|
U+0192 (402)
|
circ
|
ˆ
|
modifier letter
circumflex accent
|
U+02C6 (710)
|
tilde
|
˜
|
small tilde
|
U+02DC (732)
|
Alpha
|
Α
|
Greek capital letter
Alpha
|
U+0391 (913)
|
Beta
|
Β
|
Greek capital letter
Beta
|
U+0392 (914)
|
Gamma
|
Γ
|
Greek capital letter
Gamma
|
U+0393 (915)
|
Delta
|
Δ
|
Greek capital letter
Delta
|
U+0394 (916)
|
Epsilon
|
Ε
|
Greek capital letter
Epsilon
|
U+0395 (917)
|
Zeta
|
Ζ
|
Greek capital letter
Zeta
|
U+0396 (918)
|
Eta
|
Η
|
Greek capital letter
Eta
|
U+0397 (919)
|
Theta
|
Θ
|
Greek capital letter
Theta
|
U+0398 (920)
|
Iota
|
Ι
|
Greek capital letter
Iota
|
U+0399 (921)
|
Kappa
|
Κ
|
Greek capital letter
Kappa
|
U+039A (922)
|
Lambda
|
Λ
|
Greek capital letter
Lambda
|
U+039B (923)
|
Mu
|
Μ
|
Greek capital letter Mu
|
U+039C (924)
|
Nu
|
Ν
|
Greek capital letter Nu
|
U+039D (925)
|
Xi
|
Ξ
|
Greek capital letter Xi
|
U+039E (926)
|
Omicron
|
Ο
|
Greek capital letter
Omicron
|
U+039F (927)
|
Pi
|
Π
|
Greek capital letter Pi
|
U+03A0 (928)
|
Rho
|
Ρ
|
Greek capital letter
Rho
|
U+03A1 (929)
|
Sigma
|
Σ
|
Greek capital letter
Sigma
|
U+03A3 (931)
|
Tau
|
Τ
|
Greek capital letter
Tau
|
U+03A4 (932)
|
Upsilon
|
Υ
|
Greek capital letter
Upsilon
|
U+03A5 (933)
|
Phi
|
Φ
|
Greek capital letter
Phi
|
U+03A6 (934)
|
Chi
|
Χ
|
Greek capital letter
Chi
|
U+03A7 (935)
|
Psi
|
Ψ
|
Greek capital letter
Psi
|
U+03A8 (936)
|
Omega
|
Ω
|
Greek capital letter
Omega
|
U+03A9 (937)
|
alpha
|
α
|
Greek small letter
alpha
|
U+03B1 (945)
|
beta
|
β
|
Greek small letter beta
|
U+03B2 (946)
|
gamma
|
γ
|
Greek small letter
gamma
|
U+03B3 (947)
|
delta
|
δ
|
Greek small letter
delta
|
U+03B4 (948)
|
epsilon
|
ε
|
Greek small letter
epsilon
|
U+03B5 (949)
|
zeta
|
ζ
|
Greek small letter zeta
|
U+03B6 (950)
|
eta
|
η
|
Greek small letter eta
|
U+03B7 (951)
|
theta
|
θ
|
Greek small letter
theta
|
U+03B8 (952)
|
iota
|
ι
|
Greek small letter iota
|
U+03B9 (953)
|
kappa
|
κ
|
Greek small letter
kappa
|
U+03BA (954)
|
lambda
|
λ
|
Greek small letter
lambda
|
U+03BB (955)
|
mu
|
μ
|
Greek small letter mu
|
U+03BC (956)
|
nu
|
ν
|
Greek small letter nu
|
U+03BD (957)
|
xi
|
ξ
|
Greek small letter xi
|
U+03BE (958)
|
omicron
|
ο
|
Greek small letter
omicron
|
U+03BF (959)
|
pi
|
π
|
Greek small letter pi
|
U+03C0 (960)
|
rho
|
ρ
|
Greek small letter rho
|
U+03C1 (961)
|
sigmaf
|
ς
|
Greek small letter
final sigma
|
U+03C2 (962)
|
sigma
|
σ
|
Greek small letter
sigma
|
U+03C3 (963)
|
tau
|
τ
|
Greek small letter tau
|
U+03C4 (964)
|
upsilon
|
υ
|
Greek small letter
upsilon
|
U+03C5 (965)
|
phi
|
φ
|
Greek small letter phi
|
U+03C6 (966)
|
chi
|
χ
|
Greek small letter chi
|
U+03C7 (967)
|
psi
|
ψ
|
Greek small letter psi
|
U+03C8 (968)
|
omega
|
ω
|
Greek small letter
omega
|
U+03C9 (969)
|
thetasym
|
ϑ
|
Greek theta symbol
|
U+03D1 (977)
|
upsih
|
ϒ
|
Greek Upsilon with hook
symbol
|
U+03D2 (978)
|
piv
|
ϖ
|
Greek pi symbol
|
U+03D6 (982)
|
ensp
|
|
en space[d]
|
U+2002 (8194)
|
emsp
|
|
em space[d]
|
U+2003 (8195)
|
thinsp
|
|
thin space[d]
|
U+2009 (8201)
|
zwnj
|
|
zero-width non-joiner
|
U+200C (8204)
|
zwj
|
|
zero-width joiner
|
U+200D (8205)
|
lrm
|
|
left-to-right mark
|
U+200E (8206)
|
rlm
|
|
right-to-left mark
|
U+200F (8207)
|
ndash
|
–
|
en dash
|
U+2013 (8211)
|
mdash
|
—
|
em dash
|
U+2014 (8212)
|
lsquo
|
‘
|
left single quotation
mark
|
U+2018 (8216)
|
rsquo
|
’
|
right single quotation
mark
|
U+2019 (8217)
|
sbquo
|
‚
|
single low-9 quotation
mark
|
U+201A (8218)
|
ldquo
|
“
|
left double quotation
mark
|
U+201C (8220)
|
rdquo
|
”
|
right double quotation
mark
|
U+201D (8221)
|
bdquo
|
„
|
double low-9 quotation
mark
|
U+201E (8222)
|
dagger
|
†
|
dagger, obelisk
|
U+2020 (8224)
|
Dagger
|
‡
|
double dagger, double
obelisk
|
U+2021 (8225)
|
bull
|
•
|
bullet (black small
circle)
|
U+2022 (8226)
|
hellip
|
…
|
horizontal ellipsis
(three dot leader)
|
U+2026 (8230)
|
permil
|
‰
|
per mille sign
|
U+2030 (8240)
|
prime
|
′
|
prime (minutes, feet)
|
U+2032 (8242)
|
Prime
|
″
|
double prime (seconds,
inches)
|
U+2033 (8243)
|
lsaquo
|
‹
|
single left-pointing
angle quotation mark
|
U+2039 (8249)
|
rsaquo
|
›
|
single right-pointing
angle quotation mark
|
U+203A (8250)
|
oline
|
‾
|
overline (spacing
overscore)
|
U+203E (8254)
|
frasl
|
⁄
|
fraction slash
(solidus)
|
U+2044 (8260)
|
euro
|
€
|
euro sign
|
U+20AC (8364)
|
image
|
ℑ
|
black-letter capital I
(imaginary part)
|
U+2111 (8465)
|
weierp
|
℘
|
script capital P (power
set, Weierstrass p)
|
U+2118 (8472)
|
real
|
ℜ
|
black-letter capital R (real
part symbol)
|
U+211C (8476)
|
trade
|
™
|
trademark symbol
|
U+2122 (8482)
|
alefsym
|
ℵ
|
alef symbol (first
transfinite cardinal)
|
U+2135 (8501)
|
larr
|
←
|
leftwards arrow
|
U+2190 (8592)
|
uarr
|
↑
|
upwards arrow
|
U+2191 (8593)
|
rarr
|
→
|
rightwards arrow
|
U+2192 (8594)
|
darr
|
↓
|
downwards arrow
|
U+2193 (8595)
|
harr
|
↔
|
left right arrow
|
U+2194 (8596)
|
crarr
|
↵
|
downwards arrow with
corner leftwards (carriage return)
|
U+21B5 (8629)
|
lArr
|
⇐
|
leftwards double arrow
|
U+21D0 (8656)
|
uArr
|
⇑
|
upwards double arrow
|
U+21D1 (8657)
|
rArr
|
⇒
|
rightwards double arrow
|
U+21D2 (8658)
|
dArr
|
⇓
|
downwards double arrow
|
U+21D3 (8659)
|
hArr
|
⇔
|
left right double arrow
|
U+21D4 (8660)
|
forall
|
∀
|
for all
|
U+2200 (8704)
|
part
|
∂
|
partial differential
|
U+2202 (8706)
|
exist
|
∃
|
there exists
|
U+2203 (8707)
|
empty
|
∅
|
empty set (null set)
|
U+2205 (8709)
|
nabla
|
∇
|
del or nabla (vector
differential operator)
|
U+2207 (8711)
|
isin
|
∈
|
element of
|
U+2208 (8712)
|
notin
|
∉
|
not an element of
|
U+2209 (8713)
|
ni
|
∋
|
contains as member
|
U+220B (8715)
|
prod
|
∏
|
n-ary product (product
sign)
|
U+220F (8719)
|
sum
|
∑
|
n-ary summation
|
U+2211 (8721)
|
minus
|
−
|
minus sign
|
U+2212 (8722)
|
lowast
|
∗
|
asterisk operator
|
U+2217 (8727)
|
radic
|
√
|
square root (radical
sign)
|
U+221A (8730)
|
prop
|
∝
|
proportional to
|
U+221D (8733)
|
infin
|
∞
|
infinity
|
U+221E (8734)
|
ang
|
∠
|
angle
|
U+2220 (8736)
|
and
|
∧
|
logical and (wedge)
|
U+2227 (8743)
|
or
|
∨
|
logical or (vee)
|
U+2228 (8744)
|
cap
|
∩
|
intersection (cap)
|
U+2229 (8745)
|
cup
|
∪
|
union (cup)
|
U+222A (8746)
|
int
|
∫
|
integral
|
U+222B (8747)
|
there4
|
∴
|
therefore sign
|
U+2234 (8756)
|
sim
|
∼
|
tilde operator (varies
with, similar to)
|
U+223C (8764)
|
cong
|
≅
|
congruent to
|
U+2245 (8773)
|
asymp
|
≈
|
almost equal to
(asymptotic to)
|
U+2248 (8776)
|
ne
|
≠
|
not equal to
|
U+2260 (8800)
|
equiv
|
≡
|
identical to or
'equivalent to'
|
U+2261 (8801)
|
le
|
≤
|
less-than or equal to
|
U+2264 (8804)
|
ge
|
≥
|
greater-than or equal
to
|
U+2265 (8805)
|
sub
|
⊂
|
subset of
|
U+2282 (8834)
|
sup
|
⊃
|
superset of
|
U+2283 (8835)
|
nsub
|
⊄
|
not a subset of
|
U+2284 (8836)
|
sube
|
⊆
|
subset of or equal to
|
U+2286 (8838)
|
supe
|
⊇
|
superset of or equal to
|
U+2287 (8839)
|
oplus
|
⊕
|
circled plus (direct
sum)
|
U+2295 (8853)
|
otimes
|
⊗
|
circled times (vector
product)
|
U+2297 (8855)
|
perp
|
⊥
|
up tack (orthogonal to,
perpendicular)
|
U+22A5 (8869)
|
sdot
|
⋅
|
dot operator
|
U+22C5 (8901)
|
lceil
|
⌈
|
left ceiling
|
U+2308 (8968)
|
rceil
|
⌉
|
right ceiling
|
U+2309 (8969)
|
lfloor
|
⌊
|
left floor
|
U+230A (8970)
|
rfloor
|
⌋
|
right floor
|
U+230B (8971)
|
lang
|
⟨
|
left-pointing angle
bracket (bra)
|
U+2329 (9001)
|
rang
|
⟩
|
right-pointing angle
bracket (ket)
|
U+232A (9002)
|
loz
|
◊
|
lozenge
|
U+25CA (9674)
|
spades
|
♠
|
spade suit
|
U+2660 (9824)
|
clubs
|
♣
|
club suit (shamrock)
|
U+2663 (9827)
|
hearts
|
♥
|
heart suit (valentine)
|
U+2665 (9829)
|
diams
|
♦
|
diamond suit
|
U+2666 (9830)
|