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HTML / CSS / JavaScript Tutorial

HTML Special characters

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HTML markup includes some for special characters. The most frequently used are characters that if they appeared directly would be understood by HTML to relate to markup (see HTMLTutorialSpecialCharacters for further details).

 

Each of these markups is preceded by an ampersand, i.e. "&", followed by the markup name, followed by a semicolon, i.e. ";":

 

HTML name

character

name

Unicode hex code (decimal)

amp

&

ampersand

U+0026 (38)

quot

"

quotation mark

U+0022 (34)

apos

'

apostrophe

U+0027 (39)

lt

less than sign

U+003C (60)

gt

greater than sign

U+003E (62)

nbsp

 

non-breaking space

U+00A0 (160)

iexcl

¡

inverted exclamation mark

U+00A1 (161)

cent

¢

cent sign

U+00A2 (162)

pound

£

pound sign

U+00A3 (163)

curren

¤

currency sign

U+00A4 (164)

yen

¥

yen (yuan) sign

U+00A5 (165)

brvbar

¦

broken vertical bar

U+00A6 (166)

sect

§

section sign

U+00A7 (167)

uml

¨

diaeresis(or umlaut)

U+00A8 (168)

copy

©

copyright symbol

U+00A9 (169)

ordf

ª

feminine ordinal indicator

U+00AA (170)

laquo

«

left-pointing double angle quotation mark

U+00AB (171)

not

¬

not sign

U+00AC (172)

shy

­

soft (discretionary) hyphen

U+00AD (173)

reg

®

registered trademark symbol

U+00AE (174)

macr

¯

macron

U+00AF (175)

deg

°

degree symbol

U+00B0 (176)

plusmn

±

plus-minus sign

U+00B1 (177)

sup2

²

superscript two

U+00B2 (178)

sup3

³

superscript three

U+00B3 (179)

acute

´

acute accent

U+00B4 (180)

micro

µ

micro sign

U+00B5 (181)

para

paragraph sign

U+00B6 (182)

middot

·

middle dot

U+00B7 (183)

cedil

¸

cedilla

U+00B8 (184)

sup1

¹

superscript one

U+00B9 (185)

ordm

º

masculine ordinal indicator

U+00BA (186)

raquo

»

right-pointing double angle quotation mark

U+00BB (187)

frac14

¼

fraction one quarter

U+00BC (188)

frac12

½

fraction one half

U+00BD (189)

frac34

¾

fraction three quarters

U+00BE (190)

iquest

¿

inverted question mark

U+00BF (191)

Agrave

À

Latin capital letter A with grave accent

U+00C0 (192)

Aacute

Á

Latin capital letter A with acute accent

U+00C1 (193)

Acirc

Â

Latin capital letter A with circumflex

U+00C2 (194)

Atilde

Ã

Latin capital letter A with tilde

U+00C3 (195)

Auml

Ä

Latin capital letter A with diaeresis

U+00C4 (196)

Aring

Å

Latin capital letter A with ring above

U+00C5 (197)

AElig

Æ

Latin capital letter AE

U+00C6 (198)

Ccedil

Ç

Latin capital letter C with cedilla

U+00C7 (199)

Egrave

È

Latin capital letter E with grave accent

U+00C8 (200)

Eacute

É

Latin capital letter E with acute accent

U+00C9 (201)

Ecirc

Ê

Latin capital letter E with circumflex

U+00CA (202)

Euml

Ë

Latin capital letter E with diaeresis

U+00CB (203)

Igrave

Ì

Latin capital letter I with grave accent

U+00CC (204)

Iacute

Í

Latin capital letter I with acute accent

U+00CD (205)

Icirc

Î

Latin capital letter I with circumflex

U+00CE (206)

Iuml

Ï

Latin capital letter I with diaeresis

U+00CF (207)

ETH

Ð

Latin capital letter Eth

U+00D0 (208)

Ntilde

Ñ

Latin capital letter N with tilde

U+00D1 (209)

Ograve

Ò

Latin capital letter O with grave accent

U+00D2 (210)

Oacute

Ó

Latin capital letter O with acute accent

U+00D3 (211)

Ocirc

Ó

Latin capital letter O with circumflex

U+00D4 (212)

Otilde

Õ

Latin capital letter O with tilde

U+00D5 (213)

Ouml

Ö

Latin capital letter O with diaeresis

U+00D6 (214)

times

×

multiplication sign

U+00D7 (215)

Oslash

Ø

Latin capital letter O with stroke (Latin capital letter O slash)

U+00D8 (216)

Ugrave

Ù

Latin capital letter U with grave accent

U+00D9 (217)

Uacute

Ú

Latin capital letter U with acute accent

U+00DA (218)

Ucirc

Û

Latin capital letter U with circumflex

U+00DB (219)

Uuml

Ü

Latin capital letter U with diaeresis

U+00DC (220)

Yacute

Ý

Latin capital letter Y with acute accent

U+00DD (221)

THORN

Þ

Latin capital letter THORN

U+00DE (222)

szlig

ß

Latin small letter sharp s, i.e. German Eszett

U+00DF (223)

agrave

à

Latin small letter a with grave accent

U+00E0 (224)

aacute

á

Latin small letter a with acute accent

U+00E1 (225)

acirc

â

Latin small letter a with circumflex

U+00E2 (226)

atilde

ã

Latin small letter a with tilde

U+00E3 (227)

auml

ã

Latin small letter a with diaeresis

U+00E4 (228)

aring

å

Latin small letter a with ring above

U+00E5 (229)

aelig

æ

Latin small letter ae

U+00E6 (230)

ccedil

ç

Latin small letter c with cedilla

U+00E7 (231)

egrave

è

Latin small letter e with grave accent

U+00E8 (232)

eacute

é

Latin small letter e with acute accent

U+00E9 (233)

ecirc

ê

Latin small letter e with circumflex

U+00EA (234)

euml

ë

Latin small letter e with diaeresis

U+00EB (235)

igrave

ì

Latin small letter i with grave accent

U+00EC (236)

iacute

í

Latin small letter i with acute accent

U+00ED (237)

icirc

î

Latin small letter i with circumflex

U+00EE (238)

iuml

ï

Latin small letter i with diaeresis

U+00EF (239)

eth

ð

Latin small letter eth

U+00F0 (240)

ntilde

ñ

Latin small letter n with tilde

U+00F1 (241)

ograve

ò

Latin small letter o with grave accent

U+00F2 (242)

oacute

ó

Latin small letter o with acute accent

U+00F3 (243)

ocirc

ô

Latin small letter o with circumflex

U+00F4 (244)

otilde

õ

Latin small letter o with tilde

U+00F5 (245)

ouml

ö

Latin small letter o with diaeresis

U+00F6 (246)

divide

÷

division sign (obelus)

U+00F7 (247)

oslash

ø

Latin small letter o with stroke (Latin small letter o slash)

U+00F8 (248)

ugrave

ù

Latin small letter u with grave accent

U+00F9 (249)

uacute

ú

Latin small letter u with acute accent

U+00FA (250)

ucirc

û

Latin small letter u with circumflex

U+00FB (251)

uuml

ü

Latin small letter u with diaeresis

U+00FC (252)

yacute

ý

Latin small letter y with acute accent

U+00FD (253)

thorn

þ

Latin small letter thorn

U+00FE (254)

yuml

ÿ

Latin small letter y with diaeresis

U+00FF (255)

OElig

Œ

Latin capital ligature oe

U+0152 (338)

oelig

œ

Latin small ligature oe

U+0153 (339)

Scaron

Š

Latin capital letter s with caron

U+0160 (352)

scaron

š

Latin small letter s with caron

U+0161 (353)

Yuml

Ÿ

Latin capital letter y with diaeresis

U+0178 (376)

fnof

ƒ

Latin small letter f with hook (function, florin)

U+0192 (402)

circ

ˆ

modifier letter circumflex accent

U+02C6 (710)

tilde

˜

small tilde

U+02DC (732)

Alpha

Α

Greek capital letter Alpha

U+0391 (913)

Beta

Β

Greek capital letter Beta

U+0392 (914)

Gamma

Γ

Greek capital letter Gamma

U+0393 (915)

Delta

Δ

Greek capital letter Delta

U+0394 (916)

Epsilon

Ε

Greek capital letter Epsilon

U+0395 (917)

Zeta

Ζ

Greek capital letter Zeta

U+0396 (918)

Eta

Η

Greek capital letter Eta

U+0397 (919)

Theta

Θ

Greek capital letter Theta

U+0398 (920)

Iota

Ι

Greek capital letter Iota

U+0399 (921)

Kappa

Κ

Greek capital letter Kappa

U+039A (922)

Lambda

Λ

Greek capital letter Lambda

U+039B (923)

Mu

Μ

Greek capital letter Mu

U+039C (924)

Nu

Ν

Greek capital letter Nu

U+039D (925)

Xi

Ξ

Greek capital letter Xi

U+039E (926)

Omicron

Ο

Greek capital letter Omicron

U+039F (927)

Pi

Π

Greek capital letter Pi

U+03A0 (928)

Rho

Ρ

Greek capital letter Rho

U+03A1 (929)

Sigma

Σ

Greek capital letter Sigma

U+03A3 (931)

Tau

Τ

Greek capital letter Tau

U+03A4 (932)

Upsilon

Υ

Greek capital letter Upsilon

U+03A5 (933)

Phi

Φ

Greek capital letter Phi

U+03A6 (934)

Chi

Χ

Greek capital letter Chi

U+03A7 (935)

Psi

Ψ

Greek capital letter Psi

U+03A8 (936)

Omega

Ω

Greek capital letter Omega

U+03A9 (937)

alpha

α

Greek small letter alpha

U+03B1 (945)

beta

β

Greek small letter beta

U+03B2 (946)

gamma

γ

Greek small letter gamma

U+03B3 (947)

delta

δ

Greek small letter delta

U+03B4 (948)

epsilon

ε

Greek small letter epsilon

U+03B5 (949)

zeta

ζ

Greek small letter zeta

U+03B6 (950)

eta

η

Greek small letter eta

U+03B7 (951)

theta

θ

Greek small letter theta

U+03B8 (952)

iota

ι

Greek small letter iota

U+03B9 (953)

kappa

κ

Greek small letter kappa

U+03BA (954)

lambda

λ

Greek small letter lambda

U+03BB (955)

mu

μ

Greek small letter mu

U+03BC (956)

nu

ν

Greek small letter nu

U+03BD (957)

xi

ξ

Greek small letter xi

U+03BE (958)

omicron

ο

Greek small letter omicron

U+03BF (959)

pi

π

Greek small letter pi

U+03C0 (960)

rho

ρ

Greek small letter rho

U+03C1 (961)

sigmaf

ς

Greek small letter final sigma

U+03C2 (962)

sigma

σ

Greek small letter sigma

U+03C3 (963)

tau

τ

Greek small letter tau

U+03C4 (964)

upsilon

υ

Greek small letter upsilon

U+03C5 (965)

phi

φ

Greek small letter phi

U+03C6 (966)

chi

χ

Greek small letter chi

U+03C7 (967)

psi

ψ

Greek small letter psi

U+03C8 (968)

omega

ω

Greek small letter omega

U+03C9 (969)

thetasym

ϑ

Greek theta symbol

U+03D1 (977)

upsih

ϒ

Greek Upsilon with hook symbol

U+03D2 (978)

piv

ϖ

Greek pi symbol

U+03D6 (982)

ensp

en space[d]

U+2002 (8194)

emsp

em space[d]

U+2003 (8195)

thinsp

thin space[d]

U+2009 (8201)

zwnj

zero-width non-joiner

U+200C (8204)

zwj

zero-width joiner

U+200D (8205)

lrm

left-to-right mark

U+200E (8206)

rlm

right-to-left mark

U+200F (8207)

ndash

en dash

U+2013 (8211)

mdash

em dash

U+2014 (8212)

lsquo

left single quotation mark

U+2018 (8216)

rsquo

right single quotation mark

U+2019 (8217)

sbquo

single low-9 quotation mark

U+201A (8218)

ldquo

left double quotation mark

U+201C (8220)

rdquo

right double quotation mark

U+201D (8221)

bdquo

double low-9 quotation mark

U+201E (8222)

dagger

dagger, obelisk

U+2020 (8224)

Dagger

double dagger, double obelisk

U+2021 (8225)

bull

bullet (black small circle)

U+2022 (8226)

hellip

horizontal ellipsis (three dot leader)

U+2026 (8230)

permil

per mille sign

U+2030 (8240)

prime

prime (minutes, feet)

U+2032 (8242)

Prime

double prime (seconds, inches)

U+2033 (8243)

lsaquo

single left-pointing angle quotation mark

U+2039 (8249)

rsaquo

single right-pointing angle quotation mark

U+203A (8250)

oline

overline (spacing overscore)

U+203E (8254)

frasl

fraction slash (solidus)

U+2044 (8260)

euro

euro sign

U+20AC (8364)

image

black-letter capital I (imaginary part)

U+2111 (8465)

weierp

script capital P (power set, Weierstrass p)

U+2118 (8472)

real

black-letter capital R (real part symbol)

U+211C (8476)

trade

trademark symbol

U+2122 (8482)

alefsym

alef symbol (first transfinite cardinal)

U+2135 (8501)

larr

leftwards arrow

U+2190 (8592)

uarr

upwards arrow

U+2191 (8593)

rarr

rightwards arrow

U+2192 (8594)

darr

downwards arrow

U+2193 (8595)

harr

left right arrow

U+2194 (8596)

crarr

downwards arrow with corner leftwards (carriage return)

U+21B5 (8629)

lArr

leftwards double arrow

U+21D0 (8656)

uArr

upwards double arrow

U+21D1 (8657)

rArr

rightwards double arrow

U+21D2 (8658)

dArr

downwards double arrow

U+21D3 (8659)

hArr

left right double arrow

U+21D4 (8660)

forall

for all

U+2200 (8704)

part

partial differential

U+2202 (8706)

exist

there exists

U+2203 (8707)

empty

empty set (null set)

U+2205 (8709)

nabla

del or nabla (vector differential operator)

U+2207 (8711)

isin

element of

U+2208 (8712)

notin

not an element of

U+2209 (8713)

ni

contains as member

U+220B (8715)

prod

n-ary product (product sign)

U+220F (8719)

sum

n-ary summation

U+2211 (8721)

minus

minus sign

U+2212 (8722)

lowast

asterisk operator

U+2217 (8727)

radic

square root (radical sign)

U+221A (8730)

prop

proportional to

U+221D (8733)

infin

infinity

U+221E (8734)

ang

angle

U+2220 (8736)

and

logical and (wedge)

U+2227 (8743)

or

logical or (vee)

U+2228 (8744)

cap

intersection (cap)

U+2229 (8745)

cup

union (cup)

U+222A (8746)

int

integral

U+222B (8747)

there4

therefore sign

U+2234 (8756)

sim

tilde operator (varies with, similar to)

U+223C (8764)

cong

congruent to

U+2245 (8773)

asymp

almost equal to (asymptotic to)

U+2248 (8776)

ne

not equal to

U+2260 (8800)

equiv

identical to or 'equivalent to'

U+2261 (8801)

le

less-than or equal to

U+2264 (8804)

ge

greater-than or equal to

U+2265 (8805)

sub

subset of

U+2282 (8834)

sup

superset of

U+2283 (8835)

nsub

not a subset of

U+2284 (8836)

sube

subset of or equal to

U+2286 (8838)

supe

superset of or equal to

U+2287 (8839)

oplus

circled plus (direct sum)

U+2295 (8853)

otimes

circled times (vector product)

U+2297 (8855)

perp

up tack (orthogonal to, perpendicular)

U+22A5 (8869)

sdot

dot operator

U+22C5 (8901)

lceil

left ceiling

U+2308 (8968)

rceil

right ceiling

U+2309 (8969)

lfloor

left floor

U+230A (8970)

rfloor

right floor

U+230B (8971)

lang

left-pointing angle bracket (bra)

U+2329 (9001)

rang

right-pointing angle bracket (ket)

U+232A (9002)

loz

lozenge

U+25CA (9674)

spades

spade suit

U+2660 (9824)

clubs

club suit (shamrock)

U+2663 (9827)

hearts

heart suit (valentine)

U+2665 (9829)

diams

diamond suit

U+2666 (9830)


Note: an ampersand "&" will usually display if it is not part of a special character, but it is better to use HTML markup for it, i.e. &.

 


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